• What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh

  2019-12-17

  

  What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh cells as they navigate around the lymph node in the course of the immune response? It was recently reported that Tfh cells inside GCs have high expression of SIPR2, which acts to repel them from the S1P-rich lymph in the SCS and promote their retention i

• Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is

  2019-12-17

  

  Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetically controlled that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis, being an important defense mechanism to remove cells that have been infected, damaged or mutated (Smith and Smith, 2012, Wlodkowic et al., 2011). Nevertheless, apoptosis s

• Introduction Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor

  2019-12-16

  

  Introduction Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a key factor in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR-RTKs cause proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as suppress apoptosis, in lung adenocarcinoma

• br The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination

  2019-12-16

  

  The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process that involves the addition of an ubiquitin protein to a substrate that usually becomes inactivated followed by degradation in the proteasome; however, several other functions have also been described. For the discovery of

• The two most important biological machineries controlling pr

  2019-12-16

  

  The two most important biological machineries controlling proteostasis, PQC, and degradation are autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) (). Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent, tightly regulated catabolic process that degrades unwanted cell organelles and cytoplasmic constituents in lysos

• The findings of Qiu et al represent the first instance

  2019-12-16

  

  The findings of Qiu et al. (2016) represent the first instance of a Ub-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, as well as the first documentation of E1/E2 independent ubiquitination. Post-translational modification of Ub certainly adds layers of complexity to our understanding of the Ub signal and sho

• Introduction Amphetamine AMPH methamphetamine MA and ethylen

  2019-12-16

  

  Introduction Amphetamine (AMPH), methamphetamine (MA), and 3,4-ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are widely abused psychoactive substances, with the basic chemical structure of phenylethylamine [1]. The abuse of these drugs is associated with psychostimulant, anorectic and hallucinogenic properti

• Anisodamine Methylation of histone tails is

  2019-12-16

  

  Methylation of histone tails is important in regulating Anisodamine structure and transcription. Methylation occurs at arginine and at mono-, di- or tri-methylated lysine residues. The reversibility of histone methylation was recently revealed by the identification of two histone demethylases, LSD1

• Introduction Psoralea corylifolia L Leguminosae is a well kn

  2019-12-16

  

  Introduction Psoralea corylifolia L. (Leguminosae) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, and it has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases like bronchial asthma, leucopenia, vitiligo and psoriasis in East Asian countries (Zhang et al., 1990). Previous studies have reported t

• Recently a sandwich cultured hepatocyte model has been prove

  2019-12-16

  

  Recently, a sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model has been proved to be a valuable in vitro system that maintains specific hepatic cytomorphology and function relevant to drug metabolism, disposition and toxicity, and thus, closely resembles the in vivo setting. This hepatocyte model was recognized as

• Crystal structures of various CRM complexes

  2019-12-16

  

  Crystal structures of various CRM1 complexes have provided insight into molecular details of the interactions between CRM1 and its interaction partners during the transport cycle. CRM1 cooperatively binds RanGTP and cargo in the nucleus (Paraskeva et al., 1999). In this ternary complex, RanGTP is lo

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-12-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion We initially found that ISL, a natural product with a linear scaffold (2-propenone), is able to inhibit CK2 (IC50 = 17.3 μM). Then we have investigated the inhibitory potential of a novel series of compounds with linear scaffolds by combining fragmen

• Rat pheochromocytoma PC cells have been widely

  2019-12-16

  

  Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells have been widely used as a cell system to study intracellular signaling leading to neurite outgrowth. The advantages of using PC12 cells in the CHK studies are the fact that they naturally express the rat form of CHK and the observation that down-regulation of CHK fun

• On the opposite side sPLA

  2019-12-16

  

  On the opposite side, sPLA2-X has also been implicated in the pathology of cancer [167,168]. Human sPLA2-X induces lipid droplet formation in Ras-driven MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer a2a receptor and promotes their survival during nutrient stress. It acts through the products of its enzym

• We should also note that

  2019-12-16

  

  We should also note that oxygen pressure of Krebs solution bubbled with 95% O2+5% CO2 as we used in our study is reported to around 400 mmHg in several studies [48], [49], which is higher than normal arterial O2 pressure (80–100 mmHg). Although superoxide generation at elevated O2 tensions are noted

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