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Pathogen infected macrophages release exosomes associating w
2025-02-28

Pathogen-infected EDTA release exosomes associating with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as LPS and lipoprotein derived from microorganisms [29,30]. Exosomes released by bacterially infected, but not uninfected, macrophages stimulate macrophages to release inflammatory mediators
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Nicotinic Acid To further demonstrate the significance of
2025-02-28

To further demonstrate the significance of Nrf2 activation in the prevention of EGF-induced CRC growth by AR inhibitor, we examined the effect of fidarestat on EGF-induced cell viability in Nrf2-ablated cells. Our results suggest that AR inhibitor prevented the EGF-induced cell viability in control
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The direction of research then turned
2025-02-27

The direction of research then turned to investigating the long-term effects of adiponectin on insulin resistance. Adiponectin transgenic mice showed a reduction in insulin resistance and diabetes [5,6], while adiponectin-deficient mice showed mild insulin resistance with glucose intolerance, as wel
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Introduction Adenosine kinase ADK ATP adenosine phosphotrans
2025-02-27

Introduction Adenosine kinase (ADK; ATP: adenosine 5′-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20), is isolated from yeast cells by Kornberg for the first time in 1951 [1]. ADK belongs to the ribokinase protein family and is one of the most abundant nucleoside kinases in mammalian tissues [2,3]. As the first i
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Streptomycetes are a group of
2025-02-27

Streptomycetes are a group of filamentous Gram-positive, soil-inhabiting bacteria which have captured enormous screening interest because of their ability to produce and secrete a variety of rat 4 and extracellular proteins [7]. Among the diverse antibiotics produced by Streptomycetes are the nucle
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Language emerged among the Ach through the influence
2025-02-27

“Language” emerged among the Aché through the influence of colonizers, missionaries, Bible translators, activists, anthropologists, the media, and the State. As an object, it now circulates in books, cellphones, political debates, at cultural events, on the radio, and even the Internet. It emerged a
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br Conclusion br List of abbreviations br Acknowledgment The
2025-02-27

Conclusion List of abbreviations Acknowledgment The studies performed by our laboratory and presented in this review were supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, (KAKENHI 17590618 [to H.I.] and KAKENHI 22249017 [to Y.Y.]), and the Japanese S
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rgd peptide br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cancer is the
2025-02-27

Acknowledgments Introduction Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the United States for those between the ages of 40–79 years, surpassing heart diseases by more than 100,000 deaths [1]. The cause of most cancer subtypes remains idiopathic and may arise out of ‘bad luck’ among otherwise
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Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key enzymes that catalyz
2025-02-27

Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic OSI-930 (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells and other cells (Claesson, 2009
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br ASK in multiple sclerosis and optic
2025-02-27

ASK1 in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is the most common neurological disease among young adults in the United States and Europe (Dutta and Trapp, 2011). Although MS primarily affect
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Fluconazole It is worth noting that in S cerevisiae
2025-02-27

It is worth noting that in S. cerevisiae, the control of two cell-cycle checkpoints requiring Mcm1 involves two very different mechanisms. At the G1/S transition, Mcm1 transactivation activity is inhibited by Yox1 and Yhp1 repressors, whose expression is periodically regulated through the cell cycle
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While we chose to divide
2025-02-27

While we chose to divide our etiologies into three categories, it should be noted that such division has certain limitations. Even though URIs and the common cold are considered mainly viral in origin and rhinosinusitis mainly bacterial in origin,26, 27 there is considerable overlap between these co
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Studies have demonstrated that AT plays a
2025-02-27

Studies have demonstrated that AT2 plays a greater role in modulating arterial pressure in females than in males. Chronic low-dose infusion of Ang II decreased blood pressure in female rats at a dose that had negligible effects in males. Furthermore, AT2 blockade eliminates the depressor response to
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Cellular detoxification is an important
2025-02-27

Cellular detoxification is an important process that helps remove excess oxidants from the cellular environment through endogenous antioxidants or other molecules capable of reduction. One of the key regulators of antioxidant production is the transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived
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HsALDH enzyme has been purified
2025-02-26

HsALDH enzyme has been purified for the first time in our laboratory from human saliva and has been kinetically characterized using different aromatic substrates [35]. Also, the effect of some common substances frequently encountered by the enzyme in the oral cavity (such as ethanol, hydrogen peroxi
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