• Whereas binding of activated RhoA to the PH domains of

  2022-04-29

  

  Whereas binding of activated RhoA to the PH domains of the RhoGEFs is proposed to mediate positive feedback regulation (Chen et al., 2010b, Medina et al., 2013), the sequestration of p190RhoGEF by activated Rac1 reveals a novel putative physiological role, that is to utilize Rac1 to directly drive r

• Studies with GSNOR knockout mice reported decreased

  2022-04-29

  

  Studies with GSNOR knockout mice reported decreased CD4+ PF-562271 receptor and increased CD19+ cells (B-cell) in the blood [31] as well as demyelination, neurodegeneration, and neuropathic pain [29]. To understand the basis of these differences in immune function of GSNOR knockout mice and GSNO tr

• Similar to GPR A activation of G protein coupled receptor

  2022-04-26

  

  Similar to GPR109A, activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81, also called HCAR1 (hydroxycarboxylic daunorubicin receptor 1)) by lactate suppresses lipolysis (Fig. 1), suggesting GPR81 to be a potential drug target for treating T2DM (Boyd et al., 1974, Cai et al., 2008, Gold et al., 1963,

• bgb324 The original Bee Synch methodology

  2022-04-26

  

  The original Bee Synch methodology (now termed Bee Synch I) utilizes a 5-day CIDR, GnRH (GnRH-1) and PGF on day 0, double dose of PGF on day 5, and FTAI with GnRH (GnRH-2) at 66 h after CIDR removal. Cruppe et al. (2014) reported that the inclusion of GnRH on day 0 does not contribute appreciably to

• No other lacZ mutant showed a marked difference

  2022-04-26

  

  No other lacZ mutant showed a marked difference in mutation rate between fpg and fpg backgrounds (that is, rates were comparable between HS101 and CSH1191, HS102 and CSH1192, etc.). The number of reversion mutants was much higher in HS1194 than in any other fpg strain. The inclusion of the pTRC99a p

• Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to

  2022-04-25

  

  Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to the reduction of food intake, enhancement of energy expenditure and weight loss in rodent and human studies [16], [17], [18]. Moreover, patients presenting with GCG-producing tumors frequently manifest severe weight loss, through mechanisms

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements This

  2022-04-25

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81673299 and 81273376). Introduction Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important metabolic fuels and those that are polyunsaturated are essential components of t

• A biochemical characterisation of this functionally

  2022-04-22

  

  A biochemical characterisation of this functionally crucial LSD1-p53 interaction is the focus of this study. Using several complementary assays [29], [30], [31], [32], we find that a well-defined segment of p53-CTD is capable of binding to LSD1 active site, thereby inhibiting the enzymatic activity

• Based on our results we propose three possible mechanisms

  2022-04-22

  

  Based on our results, we propose three possible mechanisms of HER2 loss after trastuzumab-based therapy (Fig. 3). The first possibility is a result of the differential effects of treatments on clonal subsets. In breast cancer, such selective pressure has been suggested to preferentially eradicate HE

• br Mechanism of HH pathway activation

  2022-04-22

  

  Mechanism of HH pathway activation in NSCLC Despite the role of the HH pathway in basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma, it has been postulated that epithelial tumors do not demonstrate cell autonomous HH ligand activity. The main evidence comes from the study by Yauch et al showing no correla

• Introduction Hedgehog HH signaling regulates development cel

  2022-04-22

  

  Introduction Hedgehog (HH) signaling regulates development, cell proliferation, and tissue repair [1], [2], [3]. In mammals, HH signaling is activated by 3 ligands: Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Indian hedgehog (IHH), or Desert hedgehog; SHH is the most widely expressed in adult tissues [3]. The primary re

• br Introduction Hepatitis B virus HBV infects about

  2022-04-22

  

  Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects about 2 billion people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver disease including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Trepo et al., 2014). Most current HBV therapies are based on nucleos(t)ide analogs and pegylated interferon alpha

• HCC is one of the

  2022-04-22

  

  HCC is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors and a leading cause of cancer-related death, globally [[11], [12], [13]]. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely related to the development of liver diseases [[14], [15], [16], [17]]. More than 350 million people are chronically infected with H

• br The serine threonine kinase haspin ploid

  2022-04-22

  

  The serine/threonine kinase haspin (ploid Germ Cell-pecific Nuclear rote Kinase, also known as erm Cell-pecific ene-2; Gsg2) functions in mitosis, where it phosphorylates histone H3 at Thr-3 (H3T3ph). During mitosis, this phosphorylation generates a binding site on H3 for Survivin and thereby posi

• It is known that changes

  2022-04-22

  

  It is known that changes in cGMP levels are positively correlated with plant adaptation to environmental stresses. It seems that a novel group of moonlighting kinases with GC activity is particularly involved in response to biotic stress. It was shown that danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs)

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