• PD research involves the use of many animal

  2023-02-13

  

  PD research involves the use of many animal models, which can be categorized into two main types: toxic models—among which the two most widely used are the classical 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model in rats and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model in mice and monkeys—and gen

• br Declarations Funding None for the paper in question Compe

  2023-02-13

  

  Declarations Funding: None for the paper in question. Competing interests: Florent Morio has received speaker's fees from Gilead, Basilea, and MSD and travel grants from Gilead, MSD, Pfizer, Basilea, and Astellas. Ethical approval: Not relevant for the paper in question. Introduction Lactic

• Although many factors influence the effects of medications

  2023-02-13

  

  Although many factors influence the effects of medications, during recent years it has become evident that genetic factors could explain the differences between individuals in drug response. These differences are due to variants in genes encoding drug targets [8]. The challenge for pharmacogenetics

• Since ARBs strongly reduce inflammation

  2023-02-13

  

  Since ARBs strongly reduce inflammation, it was hypothesized that the protective effects on cognition were the result of reduction of inflammation and amelioration of neurogenic decrease. However, ARB treatment did not normalize increased inflammation and neurogenic loss. For this reason, the protec

• Most intriguingly however there was no change in

  2023-02-13

  

  Most intriguingly, however, there was no change in basal glutamatergic neurotransmission despite a loss of about half of the neuronal AMPAR population. Highest levels of ammonia did neither affect the amplitude nor the frequency of AMPAR mediated mEPSCs. As revealed by our recordings from somatic ou

• The metabolism of amino acids

  2023-02-13

  

  The metabolism of amino acids into volatile aldehydes involves both decarboxylation and deamination steps. The order of these reactions and the enzymes performing the catalysis differ among plants [13]. In tomato fruit the conversion of L-Phe to 2-phenylethanal is catalyzed by two enzymatic steps, i

• The beneficial treatment with several statins have

  2023-02-13

  

  The beneficial treatment with several statins have been evaluated in AD patients (Kivipelto et al., 2005), with controversial results. It has been suggested that statins slow cognitive decline in mild to moderate AD (Miida et al., 2005). Treatment with atorvastatin, combined with other medications,

• Furthermore stress hormones can indirectly induce DNA damage

  2023-02-13

  

  Furthermore, stress hormones can indirectly induce DNA damage, for example by altering DNA repair and transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. It has been found that stress hormones induce the up-regulation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and proto-oncogene cell div

• br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and

  2023-02-13

  

  Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance

• In summary we could identify and experimentally confirm

  2023-02-13

  

  In summary, we could identify and experimentally confirm two novel SBEs within the 5-LO promoter and we were able to demonstrate that TGFβ and SMADs stimulate 5-LO promoter activity. Moreover, an elevated 5-LO expression has been linked to different forms of leukaemia. Therefore, the influence of ML

• Another heroic set of studies

  2023-02-10

  

  Another heroic set of studies combining retrodialysis with electrophysiological recording at two distinct brain sites further indicated that the estradiol-induced increase in auditory-evoked firing in NCM also enhanced the selectivity of auditory-evoked responses in the downstream sensorimotor nucle

• br Consequences of central apelin APJ

  2023-02-10

  

  Consequences of central apelin/APJ modulation Regarding extra-hypothalamic actions, recent data demonstrate that the central apelin/APJ system could be a potential new target for the regulation of memory (Han et al., 2014). Then, intracerebroventricular (icv) apelin administration in mice impairs

• We report here the first study on the inhibitory

  2023-02-10

  

  We report here the first study on the inhibitory effects of the organic nitrates – on human erythrocyte GR. The previous reports by Becker et al., investigated other nitro derivatives (including arylizoalloxazines) by using Beutler’s method, monitoring GR inhibition. Data of show inhibition of hGR

• In summary the CV and renal benefits of

  2023-02-10

  

  In summary, the CV and renal benefits of sacubitril/valsartan in HF patients are attributed to the increased levels of peptides that are degraded by neprilysin and the simultaneous inhibition of the effects of AT1 receptor by valsartan (Fig. 1). Physical and chemical properties Sacubitril/Valsar

• Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease

  2023-02-10

  

  Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201

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